What is an Etrog?

Every fall, during the holiday of Sukkot, one fruit takes center stage: the etrog. 

The bright yellow citrus fruit is more than a seasonal delicacy. Also known as a citron, the etrog is a symbol of tradition and beauty. But what is it exactly? And what is it about the bumpy citrus that makes it hold such significance in Jewish life?

Let’s explore its history, customs and flavor.

What is an Etrog?

The etrog (pronounced EH-trog or EH-troag) is a type of citron, one of the oldest and most treasured citrus fruits in existence. With its thick, bumpy rind, pointed tip, and delicate fragrance, the etrog is unlike any other fruit you’ll find in your local grocery store.

In Jewish tradition, the etrog is one of the Four Species (Arba Minim) used during the festival of Sukkot. Together with the lulav (palm frond), hadas (myrtle), and aravah (willow), it is waved in six directions—north, south, east, west, up, and down—to symbolize God’s presence everywhere.

The etrog carries deep symbolism. Commentaries teach that its beauty represents the heart of the Jewish people. Because of this, it is considered the most important of the Four Species.

Religious law requires that the etrog used on Sukkot be whole, unblemished, and attached to its stem (called a pitom if still intact). Many families spend time carefully selecting their etrog before the holiday, choosing one that is as close to perfect as possible. This makes the etrog both a spiritual and aesthetic centerpiece of Sukkot.

What is a Lulav?

The lulav is a closed frond from a date palm tree, and it forms the central piece of the Four Species bundle. Together with the myrtle and willow branches, it is held in one hand, while the etrog is held in the other.

Jews hold the lulav and etrog together while shaking them. This simple act symbolizes unity, bringing together different “types” of people within the Jewish community, just as each plant represents a unique characteristic.

Where Do Etrogs Grow?

Etrogs are delicate and can only grow in specific climates. Today, they are cultivated in regions with warm, Mediterranean weather, including Israel, Italy, Morocco, and California.

Because tradition requires the fruit to remain unblemished and whole for ritual use, etrogs are often handled with extreme care. Farmers wrap them carefully on the tree and pack them in soft materials like foam or wood shavings to ensure they arrive in perfect condition before the holiday.

How Does an Etrog Taste?

Though central to Sukkot rituals, the etrog isn’t commonly eaten like other fruits. Its thick rind and small amount of pulp make it less juicy and more fragrant. The taste is extremely tart and bitter, similar to a lemon but even more intense.

That said, etrogs are edible—and after Sukkot, some families use it in creative ways. The rind can be candied, turned into marmalade, or even infused into liqueurs. In Jewish culinary tradition, using the etrog after the holiday ensures the fruit’s beauty continues to bring joy beyond the sukkah.

The Etrog: A Fruit of Tradition

From its sweet fragrance to its central role in Sukkot rituals, the etrog is more than just a fruit—it’s a timeless symbol of Jewish unity and devotion. Whether admired in the sukkah or preserved into a special treat after the holiday, this golden citron continues to connect generations through shared customs and meaning.

Looking for more holiday food traditions? 

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